McKinsey Global Institute found that potential job
losses and gains for men and women could be different. Service-oriented and clerical
support occupations could account for 52 percent of women’s job losses, but
machine operation and craftwork occupations could account for 40 percent of men’s
losses. The good news is that women are well represented in the fasted-growing sector, which is healthcare. This sector could account for 25 percent of potential
jobs gained for women, while manufacturing could account for 25 percent of jobs
gained for men.
Worldwide,
40 million to 160 million women—7 to 24 percent of those currently employed—may
need to transition across occupations (the wide range reflects different paces
of technology). For men, the range is comparable at 8 to 28 percent. If women
take advantage of transition opportunities, they could maintain their current
share of employment; if they cannot, gender inequality in work could worsen.
To make
these transitions, women will need new skills. In mature economies, only jobs
requiring a college or advanced degree may experience net growth in demand. In
emerging economies, the many women working in subsistence agriculture with
little education may have difficulty securing work in other sectors. Even women
remaining in their current jobs will need to refresh their skills; they could
be more prone than men to partial automation of their jobs and will need to
learn to work alongside automated systems.
More
women work in lower-paid occupations than men. In mature economies, demand for
high-wage labour is expected to grow, while demand for medium- and low-wage
labour will shrink. Many emerging economies could experience stronger growth in
demand for higher‑wage jobs. Enabling women to move up the skills ladder could
prepare them for higher-paying jobs and more economic opportunity. However, a
potential glut of workers in lower-wage jobs, including men displaced from
manufacturing, could put lower pressure on wages.
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